The Effects of Scandinavian Immigration on Culture and Economy in Washi

Through research this document will examine how Scandinavians stir affected the economy and culture of Washington. exploration will explain why Scandinavian immigrants sought out life in the Northwest, particularly Washington. This paper will take in hand consolidation of the Scandinavian culture into the existing one. Research will show how the government and especially the railroad worked to endorse the influx of Scandinavian immigrants. They did this by using newspapers, promoters, and purge out return passage. Further more(prenominal), this analyze will look into some of the issues deriving from the loss of culture and language even though it was minimal and how it affected the success of integration. This essay will look into Scandinavian culture, garner from Scandinavian immigrants from around the Pacific Northwest. This paper will touch on Skiing, Fishing, Crabbing, and Dancing. Finally it will address how even immigrants arriving in Washington the late 1950s have had an effect on the culture of Washington today. The principal groups of immigrants into Washington State during the time period of 1895 to 1910 were Scandinavian immigrants, which includes Swedish, Danish and Norwegian people. Washington State by 1910 had greater numbers of immigrants than any other state of the union during 1910. At this time Washington had more immigrants than any other state fifty percent of the state at that time was Scandinavian immigrants. The Scandinavians that came to Washington wanted to become Americanized. They worked hard at combination the best of their culture with the new culture. This also made the transition and culture shock that many emigrants experience was very minimal. (Dahlie, 1980)Washington from 1895 to 1910 had received more S... ...thers have been because it in the immigrants own words. The weakness is also that it is in their own words so the opinions may be biased. One can learn through these letters of the events that helped shap ed the culture and economy of the PNW. Forssblad, M. (2001, August 15). HistoryLink.org- the Free Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History. HistoryLink.org- the Free Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History. Retrieved October 22, 2011, from http//www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=3476This essay discusses the influx of Norwegian immigrants as well as their role is skiing logging boating and fishing. This resource is based on the archives in the Nordic Heritage Museum. The weakness with this resource is that it is just a short easy although it strength is it covers many aspects of how Norwegians helped develop Seattle.

Indigenous Resistance :: essays papers

Indigenous Resistance MUSIC IS THE WEAPON OF THE FUTURE The smelling of resistance is a powerful force in reggae music. In this essay I will explore the ways that resistance is manifested in reggae music and delineate examples of indigenous resistance in Jamaica and Mexico. A strong example of indigenous resistance can be found in the Maroon communities of Jamaica. The Maroons were a spikelet in the sides of white plantation owners and an inspiration and expression of freedom and autonomy to the Africans. The history of the Maroons describes a group of diverse people who bonded together beyond the fringes of the colonial system to form their own autonomous nation. Throughout the world indigenous peoples have been resisting and rebelling against the colonial system, also known as the Babylon system to Rastafarians, modern-day descendants of the Maroons. The origins of the concept of Babylon in relation to rastafarianism and indigenous resistance will be discussed in greater detail . The following essay is an exploration of indigenous resistance in Jamaica and throughout the world. Reggae music has evolved as a form of social commentary and because of its international popularity the message is spread around the world.Reggae music is a meaningful argument for social change. Reggae music portrays resistance to oppression, it is a symbolic action, part of a nonviolent revolution. It is a type of rhetoric a method of communication knowing to influence and persuade. It is a message with a purpose, it represents a crystallization of fundamental issues. Reggae music asks the listener to reconsider our daily lives and to hear the cry of the sufferer, because so legion(predicate) a(prenominal) people are suffering. The lyrics and music of Robert Nesta Marley gave reggae music international recognition. Bob was a charismatic performer who truly stands out as a prophet. There is clear a prophetic overtone to his lyrics yet he was only given the prophetic status aft er he died. His lyrics operate on a complex level, yet they typically relate to everyday occurrences. Bobs music was and is a powerful force to ease the pain of life in the ghetto. He embodied a feeling of empowerment, and encourages all listeners to chant down Babylon. Marcus Mosiah Garvey was a philosopher who inspired Rastafarians to resist against the colonial system. He likened the Africans in the Caribbean and Americas to the Jews in the biblical city of Babylon. There are many deep connections between Rastafarianism and Judiasm, and this topic could no doubt warrent much more discussion.

McDonalds Corporation Essay -- GCSE Business Marketing BTEC Coursewor

advertize Advertising is a highly specialised area of merchandising. It includes researching and developing television and radio commercials and print advertisements, as well as the planning and execution of buying media. McDonalds advertising focuses on two key areas 1. Promotional advertising 2. Brand advertising Promotional Advertising Promotional advertising gives people a new reason to visit McDonalds or to try McDonalds for the first time. McDonalds Marketing researches, designs, plans and implements great new offers such as novelty burgers, games, premiums and Happy Meals which offer great value and new taste sensations. Brand Advertising Brand advertising promotes and enhances the personality of our brand and builds a alliance with our customers. Brand advertising doesnt simply sell food or products. It reflects the ways our different customers experience McDonalds. Our promotional and brand advertising are designed to concomitant each other and keep McDonalds at the top o f our customers minds. Public relations Public relations programs keep our customers informed about a wide mark of McDonalds-related issues. We achieve this by working with the media to communicate McDonalds position on a range of topics including employment, the environment, nutrition, education and training. We withal work with the media to educate people about developments indoors McDonalds, ranging from new store openings to the addition of a Playland at a local restaurant or an outstanding young crew person receiving an award. Giving something prickle to the companionship is not only good public relations but good business. Our public relations programs also provide opportunities to develop positive relationships with schools, community groups, recreational centres, businesses and all types of special interest groups. Public relations not only means making sure the public knows whats going on, but also ensuring everyone within McDonalds is aware of developments in the comp any. Internal communication with all McDonalds employees is therefore a major part of our public relations programs. Effective and innovative marketing has positioned and secured McDonalds leadership in the quick service restaurant industry. In order to maintain that position we ensure that every restaurant in our system is convolute with... ...mpany will launch a new advertising campaign, We love to see you smile. The campaign, developed by DDB Chicago, brings to life the customer-focused initiatives being implemented at McDonalds nationwide. Several of the commercials have actual McDonalds restaurant crew employees to give customers a perspective from the people who work at McDonalds everyday. Additionally, Hispanic and African-American advertising was created and developed by del Rivero Messianu in Miami and Burrell Advertising in Chicago, respectively. Spots begin airing nationally on June 30. This campaign was created in a spirit of unprecedented collaboration with our owner /operators and our agencies, tell Larry Zwain, senior vice president of marketing for McDonalds USA. Our goal was to create ads in the tradition of the best McDonalds advertising and capture the energy and excitement that embodies McDonalds today. McDonalds is the worlds largest and best-known world(a) food service retailer, with more than 27,000 restaurants serving more than 43 million people a day in 119 countries. Approximately 80 percent of McDonalds orbicular restaurants are owned and operated by independent franchisees.

Immigrants Escaping from Poverty :: Immigration Illegal Essays Papers

For a long time, illegal immigrants have been entering the United States, and it has been a bulky issue concerning the world today. Hispanics today form the fastest growing ethnic minority in the United States. An example of how many illegal immigrants migrate to the U.S. is make up in the countersign Voyages by Cathy Small she explains that many Tongan immigrants migrated in the year 1976. Out of 1,993 Tongans, Olunga had grown approximately 2%, so by all means that at least 40% of its population had migrated between the years 1956 and 1976. By 1970 the inhabitants population growth was already dropping. This means that there were two hundred people less than the past years. numerous immigrants want to migrate to the United States to gain a better life for their families, for economic opportunity, and to escape political persecution. Many immigrants are working illegally and the government is not aware of how many of them are actually getting away with it, and others of cou rse are being detained and stray from their work force. Now so many illegal immigrants are being evicted easily from their work force or even from off the streets. In the book Disposable Domestics, Grace Chang explains that there had been sixty law enforcement agents from Virginias sheriffs office who joined the federal agents. They were joined together by the Immigration and naturalisation Service to rummage around a construction site where workers were building a court jail. Later, agents had gathered one hundred employees together in an rove against the wall, searching for undocumented employees. Soon after the whole fiasco, a deputy secretary of Virginia Health and Human Resources department was informed that fourteen people were detained and distant from their work force for not having documents. Grace Chang also discusses a case of a nominee for United States Attorney general. Zo Baird admitted that she employed two undocumented Peruvian immigrants. We also learn tha t employers hire illegal immigrants for the benefit of saving money. If employers wanted legal workers they would be able to get them, but it would cost them more. Putting near thought in this subject, illegal immigrants have some of the hardest jobs, that require so much labor, and dont get paid as well, while a legal person would think it is not worth getting exhausted over.

Same Sex Marriage Essay -- Ethical Issues, Lesbian or Gay Parents

Same raise marriage is already taboo, but same sex couples raising children is mostly not considered acceptable by the public because of the misconception that they are not qualified to bring up children in accordance with proper fond values. The public is not certain if children will receive proper education about society and behavior to fit in as responsible members. However, some(prenominal) recent movements, such as Feminism and Post-modernism, argue about equal rights for everybody. Feminism is mainly concerned about the equality of men and women in society while Post-modernism is mainly concerned with ending all forms of discrimination in society. Feminism is actually a subdivision of Post-modernism because Post-modernism is against all discriminations while Feminism specializes in pointing out womens rights in the society and the equal status of women and men. Among other things, both ideologies re-evaluate the meaning of love and marriage in modern society. Besides the so cial movements, some(prenominal) scientific research was made regarding children who grow up in same sex marriages. Children raised in a same sex marriage component the same core values with the society, maybe even higher because they never learned about sexual discrimination in their home, and the only reason wherefore they are restrained is because of the public opinion on these situations.In accordance with scientific research, the American Psychological Association (APA) claims that there are should be no concerns with same sex marriages. It is not just a violation of privacy and an act of discrimination against other people, but there are also no scientific basis which prove that it contributes to an improper development of children.Fears about children of lesbian or gay p... ...ation because same sex marriage is something people are utilise to and they will retain their opinion that it is the only way to provide a person with a normal childhood, even though this marriage might not be happy or might not last.On the other hand, a child will feel better growing up with a same sex couple instead of growing up alone. The main things Post-modernism and Feminism are re-questioning in the modern society, love and marriage, are the most central things a child can look up to when growing up. If there is no love in a regular marriage, this marriage cannot provide a decent environment for a childs upbringing. However, if a same sex marriage provides a loving environment for the child, it should not be discriminated against, but rather advance to contribute to the harmonious development of a child without sexual or any other forms of prejudice.

Same Sex Marriage Essay -- Ethical Issues, Lesbian or Gay Parents

Same depend on marriage is already taboo, but same sex couples raising children is mostly not considered acceptable by the public because of the misconception that they are not qualified to bring up children in accordance with proper kind values. The public is not certain if children will receive proper education about participation and behavior to fit in as responsible members. However, some(prenominal)(prenominal) recent movements, such as Feminism and Post-modernism, argue about equal rights for everybody. Feminism is mainly concerned about the equality of men and women in society while Post-modernism is mainly concerned with ending all forms of discrimination in society. Feminism is actually a subdivision of Post-modernism because Post-modernism is against all discriminations while Feminism specializes in pointing out womens rights in the society and the equal status of women and men. Among other things, both ideologies re-evaluate the meaning of love and marriage in modern s ociety. Besides the social movements, several scientific research was made regarding children who grow up in same sex marriages. Children raised in a same sex marriage take the same core values with the society, maybe even higher because they never learned about sexual discrimination in their home, and the only reason why they are restrained is because of the public opinion on these situations.In accordance with scientific research, the American Psychological Association (APA) claims that there are should be no concerns with same sex marriages. It is not just a violation of privacy and an act of discrimination against other people, but there are also no scientific basis which prove that it contributes to an improper development of children.Fears about children of lesbian or gay p... ...ation because same sex marriage is something people are utilize to and they will retain their opinion that it is the only way to provide a person with a normal childhood, even though this marriage might not be happy or might not last.On the other hand, a child will feel better growing up with a same sex couple instead of growing up alone. The main things Post-modernism and Feminism are re-questioning in the modern society, love and marriage, are the most important things a child can look up to when growing up. If there is no love in a regular marriage, this marriage cannot provide a decent environment for a childs upbringing. However, if a same sex marriage provides a loving environment for the child, it should not be discriminated against, but rather boost to contribute to the harmonious development of a child without sexual or any other forms of prejudice.

Apa Formal Research Paper

Running head APA Formal Research Paper Include a running bearing (a short title of your paper) only on the title rascal Type as Running head TITLE IN ALL CAPS All additive pages should just mother the short title without the phrase Running head Center the title The long title of your paper should include the primary(prenominal) judgement and scope of your paper The title should be typed in 12 point Times font Do not bold, underline, or italicize the title How to arrange a Formal Research Paper Using the APA Citation Style 1 Include a page number on every page Jane Student State UniversityCenter and double position your name and the name of your college, university, or institution Education 432 Professor Haberdasher March 15, 2010 Center and double space the course title and number, the instructor, and the date APA FORMAL RESEARCH PAPER Start your abstract on page 2 abstractedness Center the word Abstract Some assignments will c every(prenominal) for an abstract. An abstract is a summary of your paper. An abstract should be short and concise but include the topic of your paper, the main points you are writing about, and the conclusions you r separately. Do not indent the 1st line of your Abstract It should be written in tote format Include a design sentence summary for all sections of your paper. An abstract is typically 150-250 words long. APA FORMAL RESEARCH PAPER Center the full title at the beginning of the main body of the paper 3 How to Format a Formal Research Paper Using the APA Citation Style After your title, begin your paper with your introduction. Do not use the Your paper should * be double spaced * have 1 progress margins * be typed in Times font * indent paragraphs ? inch or 5-7 spaces Footnotes can be used to provide additional information Use a superscripted number and include a Footnotes section at the quit of your paper ord Introduction as a heading. It is understood that the opening paragraph of your paper is your introduction. The APA suggests the following set up for an introduction Introduce the problem, explore the splendor of the problem, describe relevant scholarship, and explain your approach to solving the problem. This may vary depending on your assignment. Headings should After you write the introduction, you will develop the body of the paper. be boldfaced, centered, and all major words In a formal psychological science paper documenting an experiment, the standard capitalized structure for an experiment is Method, Results, Discussion.Each of these sections would use a heading to guide the ratifier through the paper. The paper ends with References, Footnotes, Appendices and Supplemental Materials1. Consult the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association 6th edition for further guidelines. For Papers Other than trustworthy Psychology Experiments If you are using the APA format to write a formal paper but are not writing up a psychology experiment, use descriptive headings to d escribe the Sub-headings should be left fade justified, boldfaced, and all major words capitalized The Body of your PaperIf you want to refer to a Footnote already listed in your paper type (see footnote ) various sections of your paper. The paper ends with References. You can include Footnotes, Appendices, and Supplemental Materials if appropriate (see Footnote 1). The body of your paper will for the most part be determined by the assignment you are working on. Use your college writing center for help with APA FORMAL RESEARCH PAPER 4 developing the body of your paper after you have written your first rough draft. How to Cite Sources in Your Paper Any time you use outside look for (newspapers, magazines, books, websites) you must cite your source.The APA requires you to include a brief citation in the body of your paper (called an in text citation). This gives your reader enough information to recollect the full citation located on your References page at the end of your paper. Consult an APA style guide to see the proper format for including in-text citations. Block Quotations In-Text organize extract example Here is an example of an in text citation Robert Monge (2009) notes, Most in text citations are relatively short. They usually are no more than three or four sentences long (p. 54). If you have a quotation that is chronic than 40 words than you must use a block quotation.Block Quote example Robert Monge (2009) points out The block quote is used for direct quotations that are longer than 40 words. The block format is a freestanding quote. This mean you do not include quotation marks. Instead, you introduce the block quote on a new line using the author and year. Use a colon to set up the quote. Indent your entire quote ? inch or 5-7 spaces. Include the page number at the end of your block quote outside of the ending period. (p. 55) . APA FORMAL RESEARCH PAPER Center the word References at the top of your page 5 References Gritz, S. (1991, January 20). Gulf War bombing broadcasted animated on TV.The Chicago Tribune, pp. A3, A5. The References page is where you list the full citation for all of the brief In-Text citations you used in your paper Jackson, J. J. , & Samuel, T. S. (2001). The impact of climate change on sea levels. Journal of Environmental Science, 55(4), 233-277. doi10. 1070/8567-6582. 33. 5. 888 James, H. N. (1988). Victorian gender roles Ebrary version. doi10. 1044/00643983238 Osborne, M. H. (1994, April 5). Nirvanas Cobain commits suicide. The Seattle Times. doi10. 1038/022-9010. 76. 1. 143 Rabe, M. M. (2001). The art of manipulation Stories of mind control.New York, NY HarperCollins. Start the References section on a new page References are listed alphabetically by author If there is no author, use the title of the reference The first line is left hand justified. Each additional line of the citation is indented ? inch or 5-7 spaces. Reference entries are double spaced See an APA citation style guide for ex pand on how to format the various types of references (newspaper, magazine, book, website. ) APA FORMAL RESEARCH PAPER Footnotes appear after your reference page Center the word Footnotes Footnotes should not be longer than one paragraph Footnotes 1 Content footnotes are used to provide additional information about a point of discussion in your paper. procure permission footnotes are used to cite long sets of data, studies, tests, tables that have been reprinted or adapted. Footnotes should uses consecutive superscripted numbers in text with corresponding entries on a crash Footnote page after the References page. APA FORMAL RESEARCH PAPER 7 Appendices appear after your reference page and after your Footnote page (if you have any). Center the word Appendix All other style rules applyAppendix An Appendix is used to include materials that are brief and can be presented in a print format. It can include lists, tables, photographs, charts, graphs, and other information used to illustr ate the main points in your body paragraphs. Use parenthesis to point your reader to an accessory (See Appendix for complete chart). If you only have more than one appendix, label your Appendices Appendix A, Appendix B, Appendix C, etc. ) If you have more than one appendix, each appendix will appear on a new page

Abraham Lincoln †Symbol of the unlimited possibilities Essay

There are few men whose characters are so extraordinary that they can be credited with relieve a domain. The 16th president of the United States, Abraham capital of Nebraska was angiotensin converting enzyme such man. More than one hundred years after his assassination, Honest Abe as he has become known, shows no signs of losing his touch. He sits enshrined in his own monument with his storied words etched in stone around him. He commands respect, honour and the unfailing thanks of the the Statesn people. More than a thousand books have been published on his life and deeds. This is the man who not only if freed the slaves but who held the nation in concert through the terror of the Civil War. His bloody assassination has become the incubus scenario of leg devastation. The myths that make up the story of Abraham capital of Nebraska have been re-told many times. At their germ is the story about the boy born into the Kentucky wilderness, who had less than a year in total of form al schooling.That akin boy went on to become Americas most famous President. Lincolns rise from a poor pioneer family who taught himself to become a lawyer is the story of the American dream. From fix legislator to his nomination as Presidential candidate that dream is the stuff of legends. He has become a symbol of the unlimited possibilities of American life. To appreciate the bravery and the endurance that Lincoln undoubtedly showed, it is not enough to say that he saved the Union. Neither is it enough to say that he braved his critics to bring in emancipation and to end the appalling slave trade. To fully understand Lincolns achievements, is to try and gain an insight into American society of that time. The republic was only a subject area of a few decades old. In this melting pot of nationhood and states, political feelings ran high. Lincoln, above all, saw himself and his countrymen as inheritors of a sacred trust. He believed that democracy was entrusted into his hands an d those of his countrymen.He was prepared to stand up and fight for those beliefs. The fact is as laudable as these sentiments were, there could not possibly have been a more unmanageable time to try and put them into practice. The issue of slavery above all others dominated the day. It would split both politics and the country as a whole. Abraham Lincoln was not in two minds about slavery. He found it abhorrent. The fact is that many states, primarily in the North, stood against slavery. Many in the South did not. They were afraid that a Republican President effectively from the North would try and abolish slavery throughout the nation. Lincoln was elected President for his first term in 1860 at the point when a huge part of the Union, threatened to break away over the issue of slavery. The situation was for Lincoln neither a reason for withdrawal method nor Civil War. In his inaugural address he spoke about the need to find a peaceful way forwards.In spite of Lincolns plea, the Confederacy broke away and on March 4 1861 and the country erupted into the Civil War he had feared above all else. That scenario was a nightmare of complications and strategies that had to be won inside a cauldron of dissent. There was no road map. There were no precedents for dealing with states that had succeeded. Lincoln was at heart and by trade, a lawyer. He was not a soldier. However he did not flinch from his duty, or from the task in front of him. Where lesser men expertness have lost heart, Lincoln began the long struggle towards unity and reunification. When he judged that the time was right, he announced the abolition of the slave trade, issuing the emancipation announcement on January 1st 1863. The war took a heavy toll. Lincoln mourned the tragedy of lives lost on the battlefield. His speech after the battle of Gettysburg on November 19th 1863 is one of the most moving and famous of all elegies for fallen soldiers.In spite of high casualties and falling morale, when Atlanta finally fell to the Union, Lincoln was re-elected for a arcminute term. Lincolns second inaugural address is according to some, one of the greatest of all his speeches. In it, he looks forwards not only to the advent end of the war but also towards the future. His plea should never be forgotten, Malice towards none Charity towards all. Part of Abraham Lincolns bequest is the fact that he was very much a human figure. We know many details of his life including that of his courtship and quiet marriage to Mary Todd. Theirs was lovesome and loving relationship scarred by loss and tragedy. Of the four sons born to them, only one grew into adulthood. The quiet and loving home life the president enjoyed was in stark contrast to the violence and hatred that was tearing the nation apart. After the surrender of Robert E. Lee at Appomatox on April 9 1865, a weary nation waited to see what Lincolns response would be.An expectant crowd gathered outside the White House. Lincoln address ed them for the last time. In his speech he tackled the thorny issues of reuniting a country split by war. In that same speech he talked about the rights of freed slaves. He now talked openly about dense suffrage. Listening in that crowd was one John Wilkes booth, a racist and a Confederate who vowed that this would be Lincolns last speech. Indeed it was. Booth assassinated the President on April 14th 1865. Mary his wife was sitting beside her husband as they watched a play. She was holding his hand as he was shot. She never recovered fully from his death. It was a death that Lincoln himself had reportedly foreseen in a dream some three days earlier. The assassination of Lincoln stunned the nation.His body was mourned for three weeks at it was toured through the cities of the North. Public grief was immense for perhaps the most extraordinary figure in political history. Today the look of the gaunt tall and severe man is as familiar to us as our own fathers. Indeed to many, Abrah am is the Father figure of America. We can only hope, equal so many before us that we too can live up to the vision and the dreams that he left for us. Behind his statue lie the famous words of the Gettysburg address, in which the president extolled, That this nation, under God shall have a new birth of freedom and that the government of the people, by the people, for the people shall never scrag from the earth.They are words that are as relevant to us today as the day on which they were first spoken. How ironic then that in the same speech the President said that the words spoken there would not long be remembered. Fortunately, for every US citizen, he was wrong His words, his deeds and his hopes, like those of any father, are his legacy to all his children.Sources used in this speech and related informationAbraham Lincoln Birthplace http//lincoln.hodgenville.net/lincoln/ Abraham Lincoln On-line http//showcase.netins.net/ weave/creative/lincoln/speeches/last.htm CV for Abraham L incoln http//www-personal.engin.umich.edu/sldavis/firstsite/index.htm

Topics

Completed Masters Research Projects tuition Education Ashcraft, Alyssa Identifying the better strategy to increase a learners reading rate-0. July, 2011 Advisor Dr. measuring rod Smith Ault, Lisa Renee The effect of phonics instruction on oral reading fluency in a fourth grade intervention classroom-1. July, 2011 Advisor Dr. Bill Smith Bisker, Allison What particular practices make reading recovery and other interventions effective-2.. /gfx/media/pdf/Ault. pdf. July, 2011 Advisor Dr. Bill Smith Dunick, Kelly Ann Reading interventions affect on oral retelling abilities in kindergarten-3.July, 2011 Advisor Dr. Bill Smith Garrett, Lindsay be incentive programs to push at home reading affective with students at different reading levels-4. July, 2011 Advisor Dr. Bill Smith Gomillion, Tricia How well is the Vocabulary Component of the Scott Foresmans Reading Street 2011 lowly Reading Series Supported by Research-5? July, 2011 Advisor Dr. Bill Smith Hovrath, Kelsey Effects of Peer Tutoring on Student Achievement-6. July, 2011 Advisor Dr. Bill Smith Huck, Emily Supporting slope language learners and their families-7. July, 2011 Advisor Dr.Bill Smith Curriculum & bidding Malinowski, Scott S. Including current events and current issues in social studies classroom. Is it cost it? -8 June, 2012 Advisor Dr Frans Doppen McClelland, Molly M. An evaluation of rural initiate consolidation The character of Nelsonville-York City School District-9. June, 2010 Advisor Dr. Frans Doppen Stabile, Christina Are literary works Circles an Effective Reading Strategy for Struggling Readers-10? June, 2009 Advisor Dr. Frans Doppen Middle Childhood Arrowood, Chelsie Marie Citizenship knowledge and perceptions of exiting eye inform students-11.December, 2011 Advisor Dr. Frans Doppen Calstrom, Thomas Matthew Love and War victimization Primary Sources in the Classroom-12. Spring, 2009 Advisor Dr. Frans Doppen Dalton, Amanda Factors affecting the health of middle train students-13. Spring, 2008 Advisor Dr. Frans Doppen Daugherty, Cheryl Mae How do various social studies instructional methods affect student achievement in middle civilizes-14? May, 2008 Advisor Dr. Frans Doppen Grimm-Rice, Jaime A display case study Using a rail garden to create meaningful learning-15. July, 2011 Advisor Dr.Frans Doppen Hinkle, Jennifer Ohio middle school principals perceptions of media literacy-16. June, 2010 Advisor Dr. Frans Doppen Kaskey-Roush, Meghan How does an integrated curriculum promote critical thinking and appointment in middle school student learning-17? Summer, 2008 Advisor Dr. David Bower Lawless, Jennifer The advantages and disadvantages of attending rural and urban middle schools-18. Spring 2009 Advisor Dr. Frans Doppen Lee, Tara The meet of afterschool programs on the academic achievement of middle school students. -19 June, 2012 Advisor Dr.Frans Doppen Martin, Jennifer The impact hands-on experiences have on interest and attitude s of middle school science learners-20. July, 2011 Advisor Dr. Ralph Martin OCallaghan, Maria Veronica Pontiveros Middle School instructors Motivation Methods-21. May, 2008 Advisor Dr. Frans Doppen Perko, Heike Teacher and student dispositions towards using a school garden as a classroom setting A case study-22. Spring 2012 Advisor Dr Frans Doppen Quinn, Shane M. The Student-Centered Model of learning A comprehensive model of student-23.May, 2008 Advisor Dr. David Bower Perricelli, Danielle Social studies and motivating factors Views of fourth grade elementary students-24. Spring, 2008 Advisor Dr. Frans Doppen Reiter, Terry Why we teach as a second rush-25. June, 2008 Advisor Dr. Ralph Martin Weaver, Joel The effect of self-efficacy on pauperization and achievement among fifth grade science students-26. July, 2008 Advisor Dr. David Bower Adolescent-to-Young-Adult Bhutta, Qurat Teacher experiences and perceptions Multicultural literature-27. August, 2010 Advisor Dr.Guofong Wan Brignolo, Evan Literature circles in a secondary language arts classroom-28. June, 2010 Advisor Dr. Guofong Wan Brown, Elizabeth Improving attitudes and motivation to read through independent, self-selected readingin the Middle Grades-29. July, 2011 Advisor Dr. Guofong Wan Carlson, Robert Social studies teachers background and perceptions of geography as a discipline. -30 June, 2012 Advisor Dr. Frans Doppen Chonko II, Andrew Primary sources, critical thinking and historical thinking in a ninth grade social studies class-31.November, 2011 Advisor Dr. Frans Doppen DeWolfe, Justin Resources for gay and lesbian students at the exalted school level-32. August, 2008 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Doane, Benjamin Thomas The relationship between school facilities and academic achievement-33. December, 2008 Advisor Dr. Frans Doppen Ellison, sexy D. Modern attitudes toward the teaching of military autobiography-34. July, 2012 Advisor Dr Frans Doppen Enmen-Budeiri, Laurel Should Young Adult and Multicultural Literature Have a Permanent Place in the Secondary English Classroom-35? June, 2011 Advisor Dr.Guofong Wan Graves, Elizabeth A. Is situation-playing an effective teaching method-36? May, 2008 Advisor Dr. Frans Doppen Green, Kelsey The Impact of Teacher Expectations and StudentTeacher Relationships-37. November, 2010 Advisor Dr. Guofong Wan Horner, Andrea The forgotten war Multiple perspectives on the Korean war in American history textbooks-38. November, 2011 Advisor Dr. Frans Doppen Lawhon, Megan A. The effects of service-learning on the citizenship attitudes of at-risk students in an after-school program-39. June, 2010 Advisor Dr.Frans Doppen Locasio, Peter Exploring the Connection Between Secondary Social Studies Teachers and Museum Educators-40. July, 2010 Advisor Dr. Frans Doppen Malinowski, Scott Including current events and current issues in the social studies classroom Is it worth it? -41 June, 2012 Advisor Dr. Frans Doppen Mansfield, Abbigail How does parental involvement affect middle school student achievement-42? Winter, 2009 Advisor Dr. Frans Doppen Moore, Danielle Multicultural literature and ethnic identity development An opportunity for exploration-43. June, 2008 Advisor Dr.Frans Doppen Moore, Lena Literature circles in the blue school English classroom-44. June, 2008 Advisor Dr. Guofong Wan Nevil, Steven Teachers perspectives on use of movies in the social studies classroom. -45 August, 2012 Advisor Dr. Frans Doppen Palmer, James K. Factors that contribute to low achievement on the science portion of the Ohio high school graduation test-46. March, 2009 Advisor Dr. Ralph Martin Rinaldi-Eichenberg, Michael Background music in the classroom How does it affect student mood and learning-47? June, 2010 Advisor Dr.Guofong Wan Robinson, Brenda Educational achievement, school experience and recidivism among youth at a residential treatment facility-48. March, 2008 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Shearer, Adriel Ezra The i mpact of a new school facility One districts experience-49. January, 2010. Smith, Geoffrey Is film an effective teaching tool for high school literature-50? June, 2009 Advisor Dr. Guofong Wan Stowe, Tara Griffits The Effects of High-Stakes Testing Upon Non-Traditional Instructional Methodologies in Midwest Appalachia Tara Griffitts Stowe Masters Research Project-51. March, 2011. Advisor Dr. Guofong Wan Viani, Eric Student perceptions of note-taking in a ninth grade social studies class-52. August, 2011. Advisor Dr. Frans Doppen Wion, William Teacher perspectives on economic education-53. Spring, 2008 Advisor Dr. Frans Doppen Wood, Dustin No Child Left Behind and the achievement gap Contributing factors and trends in student populations-54. November, 2007 Advisor Dr. Frans Doppen Yoder, Drew How do I keep these kids cause? An evaluation of high school social studies teachers perceptions of motivational teaching and their implementations-55.December, 2010 Advisor Dr. Frans Dop pen Special Education Abbott, Carrie Are there differences in test anxiety levels for middle school students with and without disabilities-56? October, 2009 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Ahmed, Areej Perceptions of using assistive technology for students with disabilitiesin the classroom-57. June, 2010 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Alspach, Summer The effects of readers theater on fluency of elementary students with learning disabilities-58. June, 2010 Advisor Dr.Dianne Gut Arno, Anne General education classrooms and resource rooms What is taught and the quality of communication between teachers-59. March, 2009 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Bailey, Katherine The impact of physical activities on children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorders ability to focus-60. August, 2009 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Bensman, Natalie Perceptions of potential teachers toward individuals with visible and non-visible disabilities-61. August, 2008 Advisor Dr. Marta Roth Boeshansz, Marjorie The effects of curr iculum found yoga on children ith attention deficit hyperactivity disorder-62. June, 2009 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Bolin, Jason Improving the classroom for students What are effective instructional strategies forchildren with attention deficits-63? June, 2010 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Callahan, Raechel Perceptions and use of graphic novels in the classroom-64. June, 2009 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Carlson, Rashika Effectiveness of Guided Reading on the Reading Ability of Students with Learning Disabilities-65. June, 2011 Advisor Dr.Dianne Gut Cole, Samantha Singing your way to phonological awareness-66. July, 2012 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Covey, John Do computers help educators navigate the myriad of paperwork seen in special education, or do they add to the frustration? -67 March, 2008 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Crist, James L. The Effectiveness of the Jigsaw Approach and Other Cooperative learning Strategies with Students with Learning Disabilities-68. December, 2012 Advisor Dr Dianne Gut Crow, Kirk Graduation and then what? A case study of one rural Appalachian high school-69. June, 2011 Advisor Dr.Dianne Gut Cullums, Shiela Cognitive Learning with Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic, Tactile, and Multi-sensory Learning, and Academic Performance in the Classroom. -70 December, 2012 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut DeHainaut, Rachel The impact of daily reflection on long-run content mastery A useful strategy inlow-resource environments-71. June, 2010 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Dooley, Adam The effects of differentiated instruction on a fourth grade science class-72. June, 2009 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Eckelberry, Erin Using social stories with children with autism, learning disabilities and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder-73.November, 2007 Advisor Dr. Marta Roth Elkins, K. Helena Effectiveness of PowerPoint presentation as an instructional delivery system paired with direct instruction for teaching reading to students with particular learning disabilities-74. November, 2010 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Engle, Brandi Parent Participation Increasing Parent Involvement in the Individualized Education Program process in grades 6-12-75. June, 2008 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Eppley, Amanda Pre-service Teacher Candidates Experiences with Literature with Characters with Disabilities and a Framework for classroom Implementation. -76 December, 2012 Advisor Dr Dianne Gut Funk, Jodi Assessing Ohios teacher knowledge of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Are current teachers adequately prepared to meet the needs of students with ADHD? -77 October, 2011 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Gregg, Dani The benefits and drawbacks of co-teaching in an inclusive middle school-78. May, 2008 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Grogan, Shannon Does High-Stakes Testing Interfere withUsing Diverse Teaching Methods? -79 June, 2008 Advisor Dr.Marta Roth Gueth, Lindsay DIBELLS oral retell fluency as a predictor of reading cognition in fifth grade students with learning disabilities-80. Aug ust, 2012 Advisor Dr Dianne Gut Johnston, Teresa Examining the Relationship between Inattention and Reading Abilities in Students-81. December, 2012 Advisor Dr Dianne Gut Juarez-Porter Carlyle, A. Renee Three Days in Perspective A Role-Play pretense Game for Informing Pre-Service Teachers Perspectives of Individuals with Exceptionalities-82.December, 2012 Advisor Dr Dianne Gut Kemper, Deborah Does Small Group Reading Instruction Increase Oral Reading Fluency in Children With and Without Learning Disabilities? -83 December, 2012 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Kinniard, Josh Does attitude impact academic achievement-84? August, 2010 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Kocher, James Anxiety levels and high-stakes testing in at-risk students-85. August, 2008 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Leland, Kimberly How do high school senior students perceive their transition programming at a career and technical school? -86 May, 2010 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut McDonough, Haley The contribution of music to student focus a nd time-on-task behavior for students identified with disabilities and whole class computer use-87. June, 2008 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut McNeeley, Colleen Examining Intervention Support in mathematics Can students attitudes and achievement be positively affected-88? June, 2011 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Menikheim, Fonda Fay In Ohio, are the Teachers of Today and Tomorrow Prepared to Teach Students with Dyslexia? -89 November, 2012 Advisor Dr.Dianne Gut Molnar, Sallie Teachers understanding of traumatic brain injury-90. June, 2010 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Moore, Ashley Socio-economic status and its role in school funding-91. November, 2011 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Morris, Alison Using peer tutoring in restrict resource environments to include students with disabilities What do teachers think-92? November, 2009 Advisor Dr. Marta Roth Morris, Amanda Strategies teachers use to help students with test anxiety in limited resource environments-93. November, 2010 Advisor Dr.Dianne Gut Newberry, Jennifer Specific language-impairment (SLI) and literacy teachers knowledge and practice-94. March, 2008 Advisor Dr. Marta Roth Nogrady, Debbie School-home communication An examination of the methods and nature of teachers communication to parents of students receiving special education services-95. June, 2008 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Nylund Domacasse, Gina Disabilities in childrens literature-96. June, 2009 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Parker, Erin Inclusion strategies in the visual arts classroom-97. June, 2009 Advisor Dr.Dianne Gut Parrotti, Talia Are Pre-Service Teacher Candidates Prepared to Co-teach in Todays Classroom? -98 June, 2011 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Pence, Sjanneke What effect do varying models of co-teaching have on math and reading achievement scores of typical middle school students with IEPs in a district with limited resources-99? June, 2009 Advisor Dr. Marta Roth Pepper, Andrea An Internet survey Personal perspectives of effective educational and social strategie s used by individuals with aspergers or high functioning autism-100. June, 2010 Advisor Dr.Dianne Gut Porter, Susan Using an interactive response collection system to increase classroom formative assessment in an effort to improve student self-efficacy in mathematics in limited resource environments. -101 June, 2010 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Price, Keith The benefits of pullout adapted physical education class for students identified for special education services-102. March, 2008 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Quinn II, Patrick A comparison of symmetrical public and special public school teachers perceptions regarding obesity as it occurs in students with multiple disabilities-103.June, 2010 Advisor Dr. Marta Roth Raike, Jacyln Least Restrictive Environment Influences on Placement Decisions in outlandish Appalachian Ohio-104. June, 2011 Advisor Dr. Marta Roth Ransom, Veronica K. Transition services Do students have access? -105 August, 2012 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Riggs, Erin Multi-sen sory approaches to spelling and reading instruction for students with learning disabilities-106. May, 2008 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Ruff, Lisa Special and general high school education teachers attitudes and erceptions towards inclusion in the classroom in limited resources environments-107. October, 2010 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Sammons, Angelina Vital components needed for successful inclusion-108. March, 2009 Advisor Dr. Marta Roth Scholl, Tamara How are persons with disabilities protrayed in childrens television programming-109? June, 2008 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Schmidt, Debbie Influence of year-round development on reading achievement-110. August, 2011 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Scurlock, Marilyn Using social stories with children with Asperger Syndrome-111.June, 2008 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Seymour, Megan The benefits of the headsprout reading comprehension programfor children with autism-112. June, 2010 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Shaffer, Staphanie Parent satisfaction with the IEP process Parents of students with mild disabilities and parents of students with severe disabilities-113. June, 2010 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Slone, Heidi White noise and the learner in limited resource environments-114. November, 2010 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Smith, Martha Effective strategies for teaching students-115.August, 2011 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Sullivan, Jamie Service-learning Increasing academic engagement in at-risk youth in Southeast Ohio-116. March, 2011 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Terry, Danielle Use of a Stress screwball in the Classroom for Students Diagnosed with ADHD. -117 December, 2012 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Terry, Rachel Teacher efficacy in reading tutoring in limited resource environments-118. June, 2010 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Thompson, Amy Barriers to individualized education planning in the Appalachian neighborhood of Ohio-119. November, 2010 Advisor Dr.Dianne Gut Tracey, Teresa Bigham Do teachers have a negative attitude towards the inclusion of students wi th special needs-120? November, 2010 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Turnbull, Kelli The Benefits of Inclusion for Peers Without Disabilities-121. May, 2010 Advisor Dr. Brett Noel Valentine, Karen Post school needs of individuals with mild to moderate disabilities in Pickaway County, Ohio, a limited resource environment-122. August, 2010 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Verba, Laurie Inclusion The varying perspectives of elementary, middle, and high school teachers in low resource schools-123.July 2010 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Washam, Morgan Does Providing Students with Choices in the Reading Curriculum Correlate to Higher inclusion Scores? -124 December, 2012 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Webb, Abagail Footloose and fancy free The impact of physical play on hyperactivity in school-age children-125. June, 2009 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Wilson, Kristin Self-management of classroom preparedness Effects on students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and specific learning disabilities in limited reso urce environments-126. 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Of Studies by Francis Bacon Essay

Of Studies is the first essay of the first collection of ten essays of Francis Bacon which was published in 1597. But it was revised for the edition of 1612. more(prenominal) than dozen upstart sentences were added and some lyric were also altered. Of Studies is typic on the wholey Baconian essay with an astonishing terseness, freshness of illustrations, logical analysis, highly Latinized vocabulary, worldly wisdom and Renaissance enlightenment.Bacon with a syllogistic tripartite statement begins his argument to validate the personafulness and advantage of study in our life. Bacon has the power of compressing into a few words a great body of thought. Thus he puts forward the three basic purposes of studies Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. He later expands his sentence to bring limpidity and clearness. Studies fill us delight and aesthetic pleasure when we remain private and solitary. While we discourse, our studies add decoration to our speech. Further, the men of study can decide surmount on the right lines in business and politics. Bacon deprecates too much studies and the scholars habit to make his judgment from his reading instead of using his self-directed views.Bacon is a consummate artist of Renaissance spirit. Thus he knows the expanse of knowledge and utility of studies. He advocates a scientific enquiry of studies. Through an prissy metaphor drawn from Botany he compargons human mind to a growing plant. As the growing plants need to be pruned and watered and manured for optimum development, the new growing conscience of us are to be tutored, mounded, oriented and devised by studies. But it is association which ultimately matures our perception and leads us to completeion They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience for natural abilities are like natural plants that need proyning by study.Next Bacon considers what persons despise studies and what heap praise them and what people make practical use of them. Th e crafty men condemn studies simple men admire them while the wise men make ultimate use of it. But it should be remembered that the inquisitive mind and keen observationcultivate the real wisdom. Bacon advises his readers to apply studies to weigh and consider rather than useless contradictions and grandiloquence.In The progress of Learning Bacon makes systematic classifications of studies and considers different modes to be employed with different kinds of books Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested. The books according to its hold dear and utility are to be devised into various modes of articulations. The worthy classical pragmatic sort are to be adorned by expertise reading with covering while the meaner sort of books or less important books are to be read in summary or by deputy. Again the global bilk of knowledge is revealed in his analysis of various subjects and their beneficent categories. The scholarly mind of Bacon here makes the subtle observation Histories make men wise poets witty the math subtle natural philosophy deep moral grave logic and rhetoric able to contend.Studies do not shape a perfect man without the needed natterence and writing. And therefore if a man write little, he had need have a great memory if he confer little he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not. Bacon further tells us that our studies pass into our character (Abeunt studia in mores). rightly so the constitution of our moral disposition is the outcome of our learning and experience.Every defect of the mind, Bacon says, may be cured by a proper pickax of reading. Bacon here draws a parallel between the physical exercise and intellectual exercise. As different games, sports, exercises beget growth and development, the different branches of studies cures the in capability of logic, query of wit, lack of distinguish etc. Bacon emphatically concludes that every defect of the mind may have a sp ecial receipt and remedial assurance.Of Studies contains almost all the techniques of Bacons essay writing and the world of his mind. It is full of wisdom, teachings and didacticism. In style, the essay is epigrammatic proverbial form, of balance and force. It is full of warmth and colour, profound wit and knowledge, experience and observation.

How nature of crime presented by the media Essay

_INTRODUCTION_A considerable amount of literature consistently argues that the way execration is portrayed in the media significantly differs from what official records and reticuloendothelial systemearch tell us, that is to say, that the media is said to misrepresent the offence problem. Five main arguments atomic number 18 presented demonstrating that the media distorts the criminal offense problem. First, the media tend to report on crimes that argon considered newsworthy. Second, it is argued that the medias role is that of an agenda-setter. Third, media reporting on crime is supportive of law enforcement agencies but is negative towards courts. Fourth, the media reports on crime that escalates public anxiety to such an result that it can lead to moral panic about particular crimes. Fifth, stereotypes of both victims and offenders dominate media representations of crime. It is believed that the media is the publics primary inception of knowledge about crime and it has expl oited this by inaccurately presenting the nature of crime to our golf-club._DISCUSSION_The first argument supporting that the media distorts the crime problem is that the reporting of crime is selective and the types of crimes reported in the media are those deemed newsworthy. Media compete in a marketplace to attract as large an audience as possible as they are profit oriented organisations. Consequently, crimes are selectively reported and are generally reported in ways that conform to news values of the immediate, the novel, the dramatic, and so on, which reinforce already naturalised images of threat from crime. The assumption that the volume of crime is high and rising is one of the main arguments advanced by society.In Australia, studies have shown that a substantial remainder of the population incorrectly believe that crime rates are increasing when, in fact, they arestable or declining (Indermaur D & Roberts L, 2005). The discrepancy between the crime rate and the publics perceived crime rate has been comm scarce attributed to the expansive media coverage of crime, especially violent and more sensationalised crime (Duffy B, 2008). The media is the primary reservoir of indirect knowledge of the crime problem and by selectively presenting crime to society in a dramatised and sensationalized manner it has lead to the myth that the volume of crime is high and rising.The second line of reasoning is that several(prenominal) contend that the medias construction of crime is more than just selective, it is that of an agenda-setter (Surette R, 1996). As an agenda-setter, the media defines the problem of crime in a way that sets parameters of discussion and debate. The impact of agenda-setting is that only some types of crime are brought to the publics attention and in the same way, only some kinds of criminal justice responses are presented as solutions to control crime. Research has found that the media reports the nature of crime in a way that brings crim e and its control to the for the first time issue of policy-makers assessing imperative social problems (Teece M & Makkai T, 2000).The assumption that sentences are too lenient is one of the main arguments advanced by society and a faultless example of the media pushing its own agenda. The public depend on the media almost exclusively for their information about sentencing and recent data from the Australian Survey of companionable Attitudes show that 70% of respondents agreed that people who break the law should be given stiffer sentences (Indermaur & Roberts, 2005). However, most criminal matters proceeding to court are finalised at the Magistrates Court, i.e. without a jury. With this in mind, it shows that the media have a great impact on setting the public agenda and initiating discussion and debate by inaccurately presenting the crime problem.The terce argument correspondingly elucidates that the medias reporting on crime is often deceptively supportive of police or law en forcement agencies but is negative towards courts. This is imputable to the media depending largely on limited, easily accessible sources often authorities such as police, and therefore presents a one-sided picture (Teece M & Makkai T, 2000). Police are privileged sources to the media and therefore the police-mediarelationship is mutually rewarding as it generates an effective and successful image for the police, as well as providing information to the media about crime. This substantiates the evidence of the support devoted to law enforcement agencies by the media. Furthermore, as previously verified, the fact that the media pushes its own agenda and as a result the public view in regard to sentencing is that sentencing is too lenient evidences the fact that the media discourage the courts. In this way, the media distorts the nature of crime presented to our society and leads society to obtain high confidence in serve provided by police and minimal support towards courts.The qu adrupleth argument is that violent crimes that induce feelings of anger and panic in the public are generally the only types of crime that the media present to us and are reported in such a way that they seem the most common types of crime committed in society. Public anxiety about crime can be escalated to such an extent that it can lead to a moral panic about a particular crime, specifically violent crime. The assumption that a large proportion of crimes involve violence is one of the main arguments advanced by society. However, research consistently finds that in western countries the media over-reports violent crimes, especially murder, sexual-assault and assault (Hayes H & Prenzler T, 2009).A study of public perceptions in Australia by Indermaur (2005) found that three in four people overestimated by a large margin the proportion of crimes involving violence. In fact, violent crime statewide declined 6 per cent in 2004 to continue a downward trend that began in the early 1990s (Bavis B & Dossetor L, 2010). The media has presented the nature of crime in our society exceedingly inaccurately to the point that it has led our society to deem that most crimes involve violence.The fifth line of reasoning is that the medias representation of crime, predominantly violent and sexual offences, is _stranger danger._ This depicts that victims are selected at random by offenders they do non know. The media constructs images of risk and these images lie in line with conceptions of _stranger danger_ rather than _fear of the near_. The assumption that offenders do not know their victims is one of the mainarguments advanced by society. Contrary to popularised media reporting, research evidence shows that most victims are not victimised by strangers (Tiby E, 2009). In fact, females are more likely to become the victims of violence from person they know, e.g. a partner or family member (Hayes H & Prenzler T, 2009). Accordingly, the medias inaccurate representation of _stra nger danger_ has distorted the nature of crime presented to our society, leading to the myth that offenders usually do not know their victims._CONCLUSION_The nature of crime in our society is not accurately presented by the media. The evidence is clear that the media is societys primary source of knowledge about crime and has outlined some key elements about the influence of media reporting that shapes how society accept, relate and react to the nature of crime. Most media are businesses operating for profit and therefore they compete in a marketplace to attract as large an audience as possible, therefore the media report on crimes that are deemed newsworthy, conforming to news values. Its role is that of an agenda-setter and in this way deceivingly supports law enforcement agencies and criticises courts. Media has the capacity to escalate public fear of crime by selectively focusing on a particular crime as more prevalent and stereotyping both victims and offenders. For these reaso ns, it is evident that the nature of crime in our society is not accurately presented by the media as it has lead society to believe various myths._REFERENCES_Bavis, B & Dossetor, L. (2010). Misperceptions of crime in Australia. _Trend and Issues in Crime and Criminal rightness (396)._ Retrieved from http//search.informit.com.au.libraryproxy.griffith.edu.au/fullTextdn=20103330res=AGISPTDuffy, B. Wake, R. Burrows, T. Bremner, P. (2008). Closing the gaps-crime and public perceptions. _International Review of Law, Computers &_ _TechnologyVol._ _22_ 17-44. London UK. Retrieved from http//web.ebscohost.com.libraryproxy.griffith.edu.au/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=19b4d519-d160-4062-a7d9-20ea3ba483ee%40sessionmgr13&vid=6&hid=106Hayes, H. Prenzler, T. (2009). _Introduction to crime and criminology 2__nd_ _ed._ Australia Pearson Australia Group.Indermaur, D. & Roberts, L. (2005), Perception of Crime and Justice, in _Australian Social Attitudes,_ UNSW Press, Sydney.Surette, R. (1996). News from Nowhere, Policy to Follow Media and the Social verbalism of Three Strikes and Youre Out. _Three Strikes and_ _Youre Out Vengeance as Public Policy_, Thousand Oaks.Teece, M. & Makkai, T. (2000). Print Media Reporting on Drugs and Crime, 1995 1998. _Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice (158)_. Retrieved from http//search.informit.com.au.libraryproxy.griffith.edu.au/fullTextdn=20010687res=AGISPTTiby, E. (2009). Stranger-Danger or Fear of the Near? Accounts on Fear of Sexual Abuse. _Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention_. Retrieved from http//pdfserve.informaworld.com.libraryproxy.griffith.edu.au/999873_751313171_917284778.pdf

Analysing And Contrasting Two Poems Essay

The poet has described the sound of the talk as a melody, which gives us the characterisation of a sound, which is very popular to the workers and a part of their daily routines. The melody men & women built lives around. This gives us an image of the workers being very distressed with their Jobs because it mentioned that they have built lives around work. This implies that either they have been forced to work or that they have no other option to choose from because they have had to channelise their lifestyles to adapt to their jobs.The poet has comp ared the whistle to a queen bee by using a simile, Sonorous as the queen bees fat buzz drawing workers from the flowers plump for to the colonized heart. This is a very good comparison because it shows how the whistle is similar to the queen bee. The whistles Syncopation wakes up the workers where as the queen bees fat hum calls the working bees from the flowers and back to the beehive, which is also the workplace of all the peop le.The workplace is referred to as the colonized heart because all the workers make up a single habituation or a strong organisation, which is the key ingredient to a company, as if the heart is to the humans. Without the heart, we are nothing and the same goes for the workplace, no workers means no business. The whistle is also k flatn to be loud. The first nine lines are a very effective part of the poem as it not only sets the guesswork but also describes what the whistle is and what it exactly does.The poet has now decided to begin to describe where the workers work. He does this by describing a spell of machinery, a titanous puff of locomote rose from the dragon trapped below iron, bricks and wood. This quote is an example of personification because the dragon trapped below has been given a living trait which is the dragon. The poet gives us an image of fire by using a dragon, which is known to breathe fire. This image also gives us the idea that the workplace could possib ly be a mill of some kind.This image of a dragon breathing out fire seem as though it would come from a barbarians point of view especially because the image of a dragon is a myth. This nostalgic way of writing is very effective because it puts a clearer image of what exactly goes on and with this writing technique, many writers can create good linguistic devises. The next couple of lines give us a clearer view of what the factory could be. I believe that the factory could be a logging mill, the whole black machine shuddered blue jays & red birds wove light through leaves & something dead under(a) the foundation brought worms to life.The reason I believe it could be a logging mill is that I get the impression from this quote that a point is being pulled out of the soil and worms are being exposed to the outside world. I believe that the whole black machine could be a piece of machinery, which is pulling the tree out of the ground. By doing this the wildlife, such as birds, which live in the tree, have been frightened by the sudden feat. The movement of the tree has now exposed the worms to sunlight, which has also caused sudden movement.I believe that this is the true meaning, however, Yusef Komunyakaa could be implying something totalling different. The black machine could be the whistle, which caused a loud vibration, which led to the sudden movement of the birds. This whistle has people working and waking up the foremen and employers. Yusef Komunyakaa could also be implying that the foremen are worms considering that they are white. Lines eighteen to twenty discuss the narrative of the men arriving to work, men capped their thermoses, switched off Loretta Lynn, & slid from trucks and cars.These lines are very unambiguous and straightforward. These three lines allow us to set a discover the poem was written in. The poet mentioning Loretta Lynn allows us to date the poem because we know that she was a country singer and she made a number one hit in 1961 . From this, we now know that the poem was likely written during the 1960s. The poet has now described more about what the workers jobs consist of and I believe that this gives more evidence backing my prediction of the factory being a logging mill, the rip saws throttled and swung out over logs on conveyer belts.Here the poet has used personification to Describe the ripsaws. The word throttled means to strangle or choke. This gives us an image of aggression, however, up until this point of the poem there has been no mention of violence, this foreshadows something, which could possible happen later on in the poem. The equipment which have been described are heavy duty machinery, by this we understand that the logging mill is a very big factory and this leads to the question of, how many workers there are?

Christianity and Narnia Essay

Christianity is a trust that more than half of our world moots in. It is the belief that deliverer was the tidings of God who saved humanity from sin. That Mary the redeemer said yes to God. Christianity is made up of many different parts. The Paschal Mystery which means the life, death and resurrection of deliveryman, the countersign of God is what sets Christianity apart from other religions. Christianity has many denominations, for font Mormons, Anglicans, Presbyterian. Christians believe that Jesus lived for humanity, died for humanity, and resurrected for humanity.Christ is percepted in many different ways he is depicted as the Son of God who died for humans on the cross. Over one third of the world is Christians, but nearly 75% of the world celebrates traditions which only Christians believe in. An example of this would be Easter. Easter is when Jesus died for humans on the cross, but nowadays non-believers celebrate it and is treated as a public holiday. This shows how i mportant Christianity is to humans, and also to the world. In the Bible, Jesus was first mentioned in the book of Isaiah in the Old Testament. He was depicted as the son of God.Therefore the Lord himself will give you a signThe virgin will conceive and give birth to a son,and will call him Immanuel. Jesuss name was not mentioned. Isaiahs prodigy was then fulfilled in the gospel of Luke. Was born of a virgin named Mary (Luke 126-31). Also Jesus had performed many great miracles. Jesus performed the ever-changing of the water to win at the wedding at Cana. 7Jesus said to the servantsFill the jars with water so they filled them to the brim. 8then he told them,Now draw some out and take it to the master of the banquet. This is the gospel of John 27-8.Christians believe Jesus was fully divine and human. Which was why when Jesus was nailed to the cross, the pain he felt was the pain humans would have felt as well. Jesus was crucified on the cross because it was the common way to die. Ch ristians pray and twaddle hymns praising the Lord. They commonly sing the vocal I say Yes This has the meaning of Mary saying yes to the angel Gabriel to be the mother of Jesus Christ. In the song it has the phrase To the God who cannot die. This is interpreted in the meaning that God will always be there. He is omnipresent, omniscient and omnipotent.During church, before epiclesis when transubstantion has not unless occurred. The Memorial Acclamation is read to show what Jesus had given up before he was crucified and to show how important the epiclesis is. To do this in the memory of him. all(prenominal) year in the month of May, Christians read the Angelus because it is the month of Mary. In the angelus, the Hail Mary is read. A verse in that passage is Pray for us. That Mary, our redeemer will continue to look over us as she had once done with Jesus. A perfect example of how Christians have continued to deal out the word of God and believed is C.S Lewis.He had indite a seri es of books which relate to the belief of Jesus. A quote he had once said was I believe in Christianity as I believe that the sun has risen not only because I see it, but because by it I see e precisething else. This is a very strong quote because he had continued to live and carry out Gods mission. In the Catechism, CCC 600 it states Lamb of God takes by the sinning of the world this is how the papistic Church interpreted Jesus and his teachings. The Lamb of God is Jesus because Jesus is commonly interpreted and depicted as a lamb.Through this Christians carry out acts which follow these teachings. This helps people understand how important Christianity is to the world. It shows what Christians believe and how they show this through their actions. There are many stories and movies which have been written to portray the life of Jesus and the belief of Christianity. One of the many is Narnia by C. S Lewis. This movie and book series stands out because it has many subtle and salien t(ip) links between Christianity and Narnia. C. S Lewis was inspired to write the Narnia book series after his mental religious wars.He converted from a protestant to an atheistical then to a Christian (catholic) and is now known as one of the most inspirational theologists. C. S Lewis slipped in and added many subtle symbols. For example, during the scene when Susan and ray went into the Professors study, the notebook on his table was in the shape of an apple. This symbolises Original Sin. The apple shows the relationship between God and Humanity. How evil had come into the world. Narnia is a story with 4 main characters Edmund, Susan, Lily and Peter. C. S Lewis used the characters of Susan and Lily as Eve, and Edmund and Peter as the Sons of Adam.When the children had first gone into the Land of Narnia, we are first introduced to them being as the sons and daughters of Eve and Adam. There are three types of sins in the world, Original Sin, Social Sin and Personal Sin. Social Sin is depicted in Narnia through the sporty Witch. Narnia is set in a land where it is winter. It is depicted as the season of winter because it symbolises dark and evil. Because of the White Which. In the shots where Aslan is present, the land of Narnia is spring. It is as if Narnia Is released and freed from evil. Personal Sin is depicted in Narnia through Edmund.Aslan, the lion performed many miracles in the series of Narnia. When the White Witch had frozen the thorns and people to stone, Aslan blew on them to unfreeze them. This is a very big miracle of him. Jesus had also performed many miracles in his lifetime. ,6After saying this, he spiton the ground, made some mud with the saliva, and gravel it on the mans eyes. 7Go,he told him,wash in the Pool of Siloam. So the man went and washed, and came home seeing.This is the gospel of John 96-7. Jesus too also performed strange and powerful miracles to help others. In the book Narnia, C.S Lewis quotes from Aslan as King Aslan as every where to He will be keep going. C. S Lewis had many inspirations to write the book. One of the many was when his wife was cured of cancer but then later died. Despite her dying, he had continued on the write the books. In the book of Catechism, CCC 977, it says that Christ who died for our sin and rose for us so we may walk in the fullness of life. This is what the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church believes what Christ is and what human life is about. In CCC 1708, by his Passion, Christ delivered us from Satan and from sin.He merited for us the bare-ass life in the Holy Spirit. His grace restores what sin had damaged in us. These are what they Catholics believe what Christ did and how it affected humanity as a strong and how sin had damaged us. Christians can follow and learn about the life and times of Jesus Christ and the origins of Christianity through reading the books and watching the movies of Narnia. This is relevant to the religion Christianity because the book and film Narnia had incorporated many symbols to show Catholicism. This helps Christians understand their religion and how it had started.

Cipero River

Methodology Where was info quiet? Data was self-collected at Cipero River, South Trinidad The Cipreo River was chosen as the neighborhood of study for contamination. The study of pollution was ideal for the scene of action, as it is a major ara which is situated near the San Fernando region, these very rivers banks where as well as overflown of the year 2010. When was data collected? The field study was conducted on June 12th 2012, between the hours of 8. am. and 10. am. How was data collected? Data was obtained by the drill of various instruments, such as a * Camera * Pen Stationary paper * Measuring show * Stopwatch * String * Cups * PH musical rhythm What was done to obtain this data? * 7 points of the Cipero river were examined, at individually(prenominal) point of the river a cup was lowered into the pissing, by the use of the string, to obtain water from the river, the PH meter was consequently used to determine whether that part of the water was contaminate, by showing results from the test either beingness acidic or alkaline. * Data was as well obtained, by determining the velocity of the water at each point of the river, which was visited. 1.Stationary paper was used to make a paper boat 2. Measuring tape was then used to measure a certain distance, this determined the departure and arrival of the boat at the disposed(p) area. 3. The boat was then push buttond and the stopwatch immediately started 4. When the paper boat passed the required distance the stopwatch was then stopped, results where then recorded. Aim * To identify the causes and consequences of pollution, at various points along Cipero River South, Trinidad. Analysis and Discussion Do you admit the meaning of the word pollution?Longman Geography for CSEC gives the definition as, the unclean state of the environment resulting in physical, chemical and biological changes that can severely affect ecological systems. Pollution results from the indecent disposal of wa ste, whether solid, liquid or gas, with this being said from the results which were obtained at Ciprero River it is my belief that the river is polluted. Seven points of the river were examined at the river and at each point which was visited in that respect was pollution of various forms present.At the beginning of the river it was slightly polluted there was little improper disposal of unsuitable materials such as garbage and iron present, this may have been due to individuals who pass nearby the river occasionally, and also due to motor vehicles who are constantly passing on the roads on a routine day to day basis. Despite this it was noticed that as I examined more than and more points of the river, the more polluted it seemed. At point four of the river there was pollution present in the water due to improper drainage caused by industries, industrial waste was seen circulating in the water.At various parts of the water it was chocolate-brown and murky black in color, it al so had an offensive smell. There are three types of major pollution that can be observed at the Cipero River. Land pollution is one of them, the Cipero River is situated in an area which is close to the town San Fernando, many people on a daily bases pass through this area to go to attend their jobs, and also to reach to the town. It can be said that people often sick and dispose of their garbage improperly and due to the constant presence of individuals passing through this region, more and more garbage is accumulating near and inside the river.Water pollution is the second major form of pollution, in the form of sewage due to improper drainage. Water enters the river due to the housing developments measly drainage system and also from industries that release harmful chemicals and waste into the water, this affects the color and quality of the water. Water pollution, also poses a threat to the animal species that are present in the water, it was observed that at point one of th e river fishes and alligators were seen living in this river as their habitat, when the water becomes polluted and they cant survive, what will be the outcome?Offensive odour also presents itself as pollution, improper drainage from peoples houses and industries enters the water causing it to have an unpleasant odour. The Cipero River is also located on a road which is constantly busy, sometimes at night people may also not have a choice and urinate near the river, this along with the water pollution and visit pollution increases the smell of the river making it smell more fowl.Conclusion Evidently there is a problem of pollution which is present at the Cipero River, due to types of pollution such as, sewage, offensive odour, and waste water. This is mainly due to poor waste and sewage practices and poor regulation of drainage, this problem can be easily stopped if individuals are willing to make a difference. In conclusion, the matter of pollution is one that is not taken seriousl y in Trinidad and Tobago, all around us every day we see pollution existing, yet yet nobody seems to care.Pollution is something that should be addressed more regularly because although it may seem like its not important, it is. Table Of Contents The Aim of the study Location of field study Methodology Presentation of data Analysis and Discussion Conclusion Bibliography Presentation of data Bibliography * The site of Cipero River South Trinidad * Paul Guiness et al. Geography for CSEC. Nelson Thornes, 2008 figure Karishma Ramtahal School Parvati Girls Hindu College Class 5M1 Topic Pollution at Cipero River South Trinidad

The Art of Ballet

The art of ballet started out as a fun spring for the wealthy and throughout history, has evolved into an elegant, world wide form of structured expression. From its beginnings in atomic number 63an cultures to its now widespread and diverse variations, ballet shows no signs of slowing d ingest in popularity some(prenominal) time soon. Early ballet was influenced by the social dancing of its day, ballroom dancing. This art was born when the ancient Greek and Roman renaissance of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries took place, reviving an interest in all things gracious and the arts.The word ballet derives from the Italian word balla, centre dance. In the Italian city-states of the fifteenth ampere-second, many balli meaning dances were held. The ballis involved specific steps that our generation would classify as ballroom steps. Ballet got much identification when Louis XIV ascended to the throne of France. He came from an arts civilize where he studied the arts of fencing, music, and dance. His passion for dance was very serious. So serious in fact, that he established the Academic Royale de Danse in 1661, employing 13 ballet instructors.Another well known founder of ballet is Jean-Georgeos Noverre, also known as the Shakespeare of Dance. He argued for a new, more expressive form of ballet. He created ballet daction, meaning ballet with out instruments. The sentimentalist Period played a very important role in the trainment of women in ballet. This stay began in the early eighteen-hundreds. The milestones accomplished within this time period included large female land dancers to accompany the prima ballerina, the lightening of female costumes, and women dancing en pointe.Dancing en pointe, turn out, and the basic pentad ballet positions exemplify ballet, and are now standard for all ballerinas. The next step on the itinerary to advance(a) ballet is the formation of classical ballet. While the first production of the ballet known as La Sylphide took place in Paris and most famous ballerinas of the day were still coming from Italy, the arcsecond half of the nineteenth century saw the axis of the ballet world shift from Western Europe to Russia. However, a Frenchman was responsible for this shift.Marius Petita created five of ballets greatest classics in the late nineteenth century Don Quixote, La Bayadere, The Sleeping Beauty, Swan Lake, and The Nutcracker, as well as restaging Giselle and La Coppelia. All of these classics contend common similarities marking them as the trademarks of what is now regarded as the classical repertoire. They generally begin with group dances and evolved into building complex stories between two or three main characters. The grand pas de deux, meaning big step for two, usually begins with an adagio (slow, lyrical dance) between a male and a female dancer.The dance includes high extensions of the charwomans legs, multiple pirouettes, and big leaps forming a long straight line with the femal es legs in the air. Following the adagio is the allegro. This portion is merely a solo showcase of the male dancers ability and strength across the stage. An allegro for a ballerina features softer, yet intricate footwork and pirouettes. Finally, we have the coda, or finale, which reunites the dancers in an exuberant flourish. During that time period, three schools of classical ballet emerged.The French school is the oldest of the three. Known for its embroider and elegance rather than its technical virtuosity, the French school was nevertheless held in high regard. The Italian school was known for its dexterity, difficulty of its steps, high leaps, and multiple turns. Lastly there was the Russian school. The Russian school was essentially a hybrid of the prior schools. This school was held in high esteem due to its combination of still elegance, breathtaking choreography, and the most complete and well-developed technique in all of ballet.The Russian ballet school behind led th e movement of ballet throughout the world and is responsible for how far ballet has grown. While Petipas traditional romantic style still held sway over Europe and Russia, Isadora Duncan, a freethinking American brought a completely new aesthetic to the stage. She believed in a more anit-ballet view of dance. She believed ballet was elitist and superficial. Duncan started a form of dance that was quite the opposite of what ballet was known for. This style of dance would be natural, free, and unbounded by rules.Duncan took her dancing on the road, touring through Europe and Russia alone, barefoot, and dressed in long tunics. The traditional flavour of her performance was the music she danced to, which was mostly Mendelssohn, Beethoven, and Chopin. She had many enemies, but with every enemy she gained, there were hundreds who thought her dramatic expression was lively and wquite enjoyable. Through the next few years, modern dancers began to fuse ballet with their own expressive mov ements. Also, ballet choreographers began incorporating modern techniques into their dances.As time moved forward, so did the swift evolution of ballet. Cultures took the basics and made it their own and by the late 1970s , many classical ballet companies started incorporating modern steps into its repertoire and hiring modern choreographers to construct distinctive works on its own dancers. It is evident that as the world changes and its people delay to gain knowledge about their surroundings, the art of ballet will continue to spark interest and develop creativity in many people aspiring to gain the technique of the craft.

Great-Man Theory Essay

IntroductionAs I urinate read near it, a detail interest in my has been raising about the wonderful representation umpteen people has utilized their in natural abilities as a medium of reunion and channeliseinghip. I found a string link betwixt this gifts or skills these men had and their particular behavior in the fourth dimension they lived. I would like to talk about the special characteristics that had to be present to a greater extent specific the building process of a divine individual, a prophet capable of guiding its people and the importance they have represented to hu art objectity, whether realistic or non, since the speculation has been around ever since.Great-Man TheoryIn order to get to know more about the hypothesis of the massive gentleman, we should non ignore that this is a theory based on lead. So, what is leadership? Scholars have defined leadership as the process of social influence in which unrivaled person rouse hire the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task. To my personal beliefs, leadership is a medium to an end, it is a very particular tool with which gifted individuals in the interpersonal field can either alone or together command, guide, and lead a nonher group of people towards completing an open goal by cheering, supporting and setting a relation with the subordinates based on a buckram dose of trustworthiness.Now, the Great-Man theory of leadership according to Winston & Patterson (2006) refers to the idea that leaders possess innately superior qualities that set them from other people, including the faculty to capture the imagination and loyalty of the lower classes. In other few words, that leaders argon born, non made. Winston & Patterson (2006) likewise quote that a leader achieves influence by humbly conveying a prophetic vision of the future meaning that he resonates with the follower beliefs and values in such a trend that the follower can understand and interpr et the future into present-time action steps.According to Leadership primal (2012) Dr. Thomas Carlyle a true believer of this theory would say that stiff leaders were a mail boat of Godly motivation and the ripe(p) personality. Under this definition, the same Dr. Thomas Carlyle, this time quoted by Laphams quarterly (2012) included as great-man leaders historical characters such as Muhammad, Shakespeare, Luther, Rousseau, and Napoleon undoubtedly amazing leaders that shaped their time. But, other many scholars and I think I am going to take their berth refute this theory.Although Cherry (2012) gives a different definition, and I quote the great man theory is a conjecture aimed at explaining the history of the effect of the great born men or heroes people of great authority, thanks to their charisma, intelligence and wisdom have used their power in such a steering as to leave a decisive historical impact there is a powerful inappropriate hypothesis quoted by Leadership Cent ral (2012) in which they say Herbert Spencer one the most forceful critics of the theory explains that the great-man theory is a nativist hypothesis of leadership and in this approach, leaders cannot be made, and beneficial born. Of course, the leader nativism is highly refutable, cultural skills are by definition highly refutable and acquirable altogether by human interaction and an environment conducive to the transmission of knowledge.Leadership Central (2012) focuses in that many factors in life shape the individuals skills to lead and I believe their in the right position, since leaders are a product of society, which means leaders are shaped by the time they live in and not the way around. Lets take another example of a another so called great-man leader. This time we have John Fitzgerald Kennedy, a famous character not solely in his home country, but around the globe. His incredible abilities as a leader are not put in doubt, though the fact that he was this good just bec ause he was born that way for sure are.Although factors such as your up-bringing, education, experiences are barely modeling your leadership abilities says Laphams Quarterly (2012), a persons background and circumstances may have influenced what they are, it is lonesome(prenominal) in their hands the indebtedness of what they want to be. Other examples to refute this nativism theory are Stephen R. Coveys paradigms shifts and rescripting. Since a paradigm is the way an individual perceives, understands, and interprets the surrounding world, a paradigm shift is a change in thinking when we arrive at additional insight and understandings (Covey, 1989). Anything could influence the way a individual thinks, and this individual could perform a rescripting process, proving that a person does not have to be born with superior skills to acquire a leader scheme, but he can obtain them throughout lived experiences.Cherry (2012) explains that the term Great Man was used because, at the time , leadership was thought of primarily as a male quality, especially in terms of host leadership. To make it clear, this leadership theory leaves behind women despite they could have innate abilities (Im not saying this is the only ability they have) which is the basis of the great-man theory. For example, we have had great women capable of leading people, on the one hand the ex-prime rector of Britain, Margaret Thatcher also known as the Iron Lady which is the longest-serving British prime minister of the last century. We also divulge Oprah Winfrey, who not only is one of the most richest women in the world, but named also as the most potent women in it. So, was Dr. Carlyle in the right position, or is it the time he lived that did not allow women to arise as great leaders?Earlier when I gave my own definition of leadership and said that leadership is a matter of persons who can either alone or together arrange their leadership skills, I knew it was not only me, it results that Winston & Patterson (2006) think similar to me, since they say that leadership may be provided by a group of persons. Having said that, we can now refute another focus of this great-man theory concentrated in that leadership can only be exercised by one person, the great man (Cawthon, 1996). While some might say this is true, because most of companies, countries, or firms have one person as its head leader, well this is true. But, lets face it there can not be more than one president in a nation, there can not be more than one president in a firm o company.Although there is the board of directors, which is the group in charge of every decision the company should take. All in all, yes, according to Cherry (2012) you can find more individuals as leaders than groups as leaders, but that does not mean, groups dont represent, to the contrary, they exist more than ever, and a good example of that is the music group The Beatles which you can say was the most influential band of the last century leading into a simple cause millions of people. You can find also groups leading millions of people to manifest against the violation of human rights, more recently the group called Invisible Children Inc. who only employs 43 people but with its movement has encouraged thousands more to spread the word about Joseph Konys crimes (ICU, 2012). Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, concerned citizens can change world. Indeed it is the only thing that ever has (Mead, 1970).I completely agree with Cawthon (1996) when he says that many people, of course scoff at the theory, because it is anecdotal and unscientific. At the end, the great-man theory does not have any credibility, because even though the ability to lead is directly linked to ones personality, the belief that leaders are born and not made finds no veracity.In our times, it is meaningless to think of it as a viable explanation for a persons skills in guiding, since its been proved that the this theory popularize d in the 1840s but suggested a good deal earlier, only took into consideration men born in a social status that would allow them to lead regardless of their abilities, from there the hypothesis of the innate leader. Nowadays that particular matter has been changed, since a persons background is not judged but instead their ability to be a leader is highly paid. As Cawthon (1996) says Individuals in every society posses different degrees of energy, moral force and intelligence, and in whatever direction the masses might be influenced to go, they are always led by the superior few.In the managerial world, Winston & Patterson (2006) say a growing number of leaders from different parts of the world are beingness formed so do not let people fool you when they say someone was born to be a leader, because given todays uncertainty many so called traditional leaders are being superseded by those with best abilities to manage people.So, you better base your leadership skills in what you hav e learned, most importantly in what you truly are and let other people influence you forward you can exercise a bigger influence on them, because leadership is doing the right things. Do not ever live upon others expectations, you are what you choose to be, for that, being a leader is not being born a leader living what others have scripted, but rescripting your life and forging yourself through stimulating yourself from experiences and knowledge acquired in life. After all If your actions inspire others to learn more, dream more, become more and do more, you are a leader.REFERENCESCawthon, D.L (1996). Leadership The great man theory revisited. Business Horizons, 39(3), 1-4. Retrieved April 7, 2012, from Academic attempt Premiere.Cherry, K. (2012). The great man theory of leadership. Journal of Effective Management, 3(2), 10-17. Retrieved April 7, 2012, from Academic expect Premiere.Covey, S.R. (1989). The 7 habits of highly effective people. Provo Free Press.Invisible Children ( 2012). More about us. Retrieved April 14, 2012, from www.invisiblechildren.comLaphams Quarterly. (2012). Great man theory. Retrieved April 7, 2012, from http//www.laphamsquarterly.org/voices-in-time/great-man-theory.phpLeadership Central. (2012). Great man theory. Retrieved April 7, 2012, from www.leadership-central.comMead, M. (1970). Culture and commitment. San Francisco Natural History Press.Winston, B. & Patterson, K. (2006). An integrative definition of leadership. International Journal of Leadership Studies, 1(2), 7-14. Retrieved April 7, 2012, from Academic Search Premiere.